Cov pob kws tsaus nti ntawm tsob ntoo pob kws tiag tiag yog kab mob, uas feem ntau hu ua pob kws smut, tseem hu ua smut, feem ntau hu ua grey hnab thiab pwm dub. Ustilago yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm pob kws, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov pob kws yield thiab zoo. Qhov kev txo qis ntawm cov qoob loo sib txawv nyob ntawm lub sijhawm pib, kab mob loj thiab qhov chaw kab mob.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm pob kws smut
Pob kws smut tuaj yeem tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov yub theem thiab nce sai sai tom qab tasseling. Tus kab mob yuav tshwm sim thaum lub pob kws cog qoob loo muaj 4-5 nplooj tiag tiag. Lub stems thiab nplooj ntawm cov kab mob seedlings yuav twisted, deformed, thiab shortened. Cov qog me me yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm stems ze rau hauv av. Thaum cov pob kws loj hlob mus rau ib ko taw siab, cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb dua tias tom qab no, nplooj, stems, tassels, pob ntseg, thiab axillary buds yuav kis tus kab mob ib zaug thiab cov qog yuav tshwm sim. Cov qog sib txawv hauv qhov loj me, xws li me me li lub qe mus rau qhov loj li lub nrig. Cov qog pib tshwm sim silvery dawb, ci, thiab muaj kua. Thaum mature, cov txheej membrane ruptures thiab emits ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov hmoov dub. Ntawm pob kws stalk, tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ntau cov qog. Tom qab lub tassel tau rub tawm, qee qhov ntawm cov florets tau kis tus kab mob thiab tsim cov qog zoo li cyst lossis horn-shaped hlav. Feem ntau ob peb qog nqaij hlav sib sau ua ke. Ib lub tassel tuaj yeem muaj Tus lej ntawm cov qog txawv ntawm ob peb mus rau kaum ob.
Qhov tshwm sim qauv ntawm pob kws smut
Cov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem overwinter nyob rau hauv cov av, quav quav los yog kab mob cov nroj tsuag residues thiab yog thawj qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ob. Cov chlamydospores adhered rau cov noob ua ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm smut. Tom qab cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov pob kws cog, cov mycelium yuav loj hlob sai hauv cov ntaub so ntswg parenchyma thiab tsim cov auxin zoo li cov tshuaj uas txhawb cov hlwb hauv cov pob kws cog, ua rau lawv nthuav thiab loj hlob, thaum kawg tsim cov qog. Thaum cov qog ruptures, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm teliospores yuav raug tso tawm, ua rau reinfection.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev ntsuas ntawm pob kws smut
(1) Kev kho noob: 50% Carbendazim wettable hmoov tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho cov noob hnav ntawm 0.5% ntawm cov noob hnyav.
(2) Tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob: Yog tias pom tus kab mob, peb yuav tsum txiav nws sai li sai tau thiab muab nws faus rau hauv qhov tob lossis hlawv. Tom qab cov pob kws sau qoob loo, cov nplooj poob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tseem tshuav hauv thaj teb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho kom txo tau cov kab mob overwintering hauv av. Rau cov teb uas muaj kab mob hnyav, tsis txhob cog qoob loo.
(3) Txhim khu kev tswj kev cog qoob loo: Ua ntej tshaj, kev cog qoob loo tsim nyog yog qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem ua tau. Kev cog qoob loo zoo thiab tsim nyog ntawm pob kws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog nce cov qoob loo, tab sis kuj tseem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob kws smut. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si dej thiab chiv yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv qhov tsim nyog. Ntau dhau yuav tsis yooj yim los tswj cov pob kws smut.
(4) Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv: Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov pob kws tshwm sim mus rau lub taub hau, peb yuav tsum sib txuas cov nroj tsuag thiab tswj cov kab tsuag xws li bollworm, thrips, pob kws borer, thiab paj rwb bollworm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li Carbendazim thiab Tebuconazole tuaj yeem txau. Ua tib zoo ceev faj tiv thaiv smut.
(5) Kev kho tshuaj tsuag: Thaum pom tus kab mob hauv thaj teb, raws li kev tshem tawm raws sijhawm, cov tshuaj tua kab mob raws sij hawm xws li Tebuconazole los kho thiab tswj kev kis tus kab mob.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-03-2024