Glyphosate, Paraquat, thiab Glufosinate-ammonium yog peb hom tshuaj tua kab mob biocidal loj. Txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab zoo. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg cog qoob loo tuaj yeem hais txog qee qhov ntawm lawv, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tseem tsawg. Lawv tsim nyog sau cov ntsiab lus thiab yooj yim rau kev cim.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate yog ib hom kab mob organophosphorus uas muaj cov kab mob dav dav, biocidal, tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg. Nws tsuas yog inhibits enolacetyl shikimate phosphate synthase hauv cov nroj tsuag, yog li inhibiting kev hloov ntawm shikidomin rau phenylalanine thiab tyrosine. Thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tryptophan, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov protein synthesis thiab ua rau cov nroj tsuag tuag. Glyphosate muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog nqus tau thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw hauv av los ntawm cov stems thiab nplooj, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem kis tau ntawm cov tillers sib txawv ntawm tib tsob nroj. Nws muaj zog tua cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv av ntawm perennial tob-rooted nroj tsuag thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tob uas cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv av, cov tshuaj sai sai ua ke nrog hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau ions thiab poob kev ua si. Nws tsis muaj teebmeem rau cov noob thiab cov kab mob hauv cov av thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov yeeb ncuab ntuj thiab cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig.
Glyphosate yog tsim rau cov nroj tsuag hauv orchards xws li txiv apples, pears, thiab citrus, raws li zoo raws li mulberry orchards, paj rwb teb, tsis-txog pob kws, tsis-till ncaj-seeded mov, roj hmab plantations, solo av, roadsides, thiab lwm yam. zoo tswj txhua xyoo thiab perennial nyom nyom, sedges thiab broadleaf weeds. Rau qee cov nroj tsuag uas muaj zog heev hauv Liliaceae, Convolvulaceae thiab Leguminosae, tsuas yog siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo.
Paraquat
Paraquat yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob sai sai uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov nplooj ntoo yuav pib puas thiab tawg 2-3 teev tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem thiab tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov cag ntoo thiab cov noob muab zais rau hauv av. Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag regenerate tom qab thov. Tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau suberized bark. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog av, nws yuav adsorbed thiab passivated. Paraquat yog nrov heev vim nws qhov zoo xws li cov nyhuv nrawm, tiv thaiv los nag yaig, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tshuaj lom heev thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Thaum muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Glufosinate-ammonium
1. Nws muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm herbicides. Ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj kev nkag siab rau Glufosinate-ammonium. Cov nroj tsuag no muaj xws li: cowgrass, bluegrass, sedge, bermudagrass, barnyard nyom, ryegrass, bentgrass, nplej sedge, Tshwj xeeb zoo li sedge, crabgrass, qus licorice, cuav stinkweed, pob kws nyom, roughleaf paj nyom, ya nyom, qus amaranth, sedge, Hollow lotus grass (revolutionary grass), chickweed, me fly, mother-in-law, horse Amaranth, Brachiaria, Viola, field bindweed, Polygonum, shepherd's purse, chicory, plantain, ranunculus, baby's breath, European Senecio, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo. Glufosinate-ammonium yuav tsum tsis txhob los nag rau 6 teev tom qab txau kom ua kom nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, vim hais tias nws yuav degraded los ntawm cov av microorganisms, lub hauv paus system tsis tuaj yeem nqus nws los yog absorbs tsawg heev. Cov stems thiab nplooj Tom qab kev kho mob, cov nplooj sai sai tsim phytotoxicity, yog li txwv qhov conduction ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium nyob rau hauv phloem thiab xylem. Qhov kub thiab txias, cov av noo siab, thiab lub teeb ci siab txhawb nqa qhov nqus ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau. Ntxiv 5% (W / V) ammonium sulfate rau cov tshuaj tsuag tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium nyob rau hauv qis kub. Qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau Glufosinate-ammonium muaj feem xyuam rau lawv qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, yog li ammonium sulfate muaj kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis tshua muaj rhiab heev.
3. Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, Glufosinate-ammonium yog degraded sai los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov av, thiab nws cov leaching hauv cov av feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 15 cm. Cov dej hauv av muaj feem cuam tshuam rau nws cov adsorption thiab degradation, thiab thaum kawg tso tawm carbon dioxide. Tsis muaj qhov seem seem ntawm cov qoob loo sau qoob loo thiab ib nrab-lub neej yog 3-7 hnub. 32 hnub tom qab kho cov qia thiab nplooj, kwv yees li 10% -20% ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov khoom degradation tseem nyob hauv cov av, thiab los ntawm 295 hnub, cov seem seem nyob ze rau 0. Xav txog ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb, luv luv ib nrab-lub neej thiab kev txav mus los tsis zoo hauv av ua Glufosinate-ammonium kuj haum rau hav zoov weeding.
4. Kev cia siab dav. Txij li thaum Glufosinate-ammonium muaj qhov dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, yog sai degraded nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab muaj toxicity tsawg rau cov kab mob uas tsis yog hom phiaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau siv nws ua ib qho kev xaiv tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab tshwm sim hauv cov qoob loo. Bioengineering technology Qhov no muab qhov ua tau. Tam sim no, Glufosinate-ammonium nyob qib thib ob tsuas yog Glyphosate hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob qoob loo hloov kho tshuaj tua kab mob. Tam sim no, Glufosinate-ammonium-resistant genetic hloov cov qoob loo muaj xws li rape, pob kws, soybean, paj rwb, qab zib beet, mov, barley, nplej, rye, qos yaj ywm, mov, thiab lwm yam. Tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias Glufosinate-ammonium muaj kev lag luam loj loj. Raws li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, Glufosinate-ammonium tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov kab mob qoob loo thiab txo cov cheeb tsam uas nws tsim. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas ua rau cov tawv nqaij tawg, sclerotinia thiab pythium wilt, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho nws tib lub sijhawm. Cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kab mob fungal hauv Glufosinate-ammonium transgenic qoob loo. Txau ib txwm siv ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium ntawm Glufosinate-ammonium-resistant transgenic soybean teb muaj qee yam inhibitory nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob soybean Pseudomonas infestans thiab tuaj yeem inhibit lossis ncua kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Vim tias Glufosinate-ammonium muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, nqus tau zoo, dav siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab kev sib raug zoo ib puag ncig, nws yog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tom qab Glyphosate.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-26-2024
